Motion control typically refers to the real-time control of the position, speed, acceleration, and torque of mechanical moving parts, enabling coordinated movement of each moving part according to the expected movement trajectory and set movement parameters, in order to achieve high precision and low delay control technology.
Composition of motion control system:
Motion control is a branch and important component of automation, which uses actuators (such as hydraulic pumps, linear actuators, or motors) to achieve the purpose of controlling the movement of mechanisms. It has been widely used in industries such as dispensing, placement, grinding, welding, sorting, and assembly.
Characteristics of motion control system:
● Real-time performance
Real-time performance refers to the ability of the system to respond within the prescribed time period. Good real-time performance is a prerequisite for achieving high-quality motion control technology. During operation, the motion controller continuously transmits instructions and data to the servo driver. The servo driver must execute the instructions and status feedback within the same cycle. Therefore, only by ensuring synchronous timing can data transmission be effective. Typically, industrial products such as dispensing machines, coating machines, and CNC machines require real-time performance of at least ms level.
● High speed and precision
High speed and precision are important indicatorsMeasuring motion control systems performance. As the saying goes, "in martial arts, only speed can break through." This is also true for motion control. Current industrial production lines constantly require improved efficiency and product quality, so pursuing high-speed and high-precision automation products is an inevitable trend. However, currently in the industry, it has been found that high speed and high precision are contradictory. Taking dispensing as an example, the actual dispensing movement trajectory curve and speed changes are often relatively complex. If only the dispensing speed is increased, each interpolation cycle step length will become larger, resulting in a decrease in trajectory smoothness and accuracy. Conversely, if the trajectory curve is smooth enough and speed changes have smooth transition points, it will cause a decrease in dispensing speed. Therefore, it is a difficult point in the industry to explore a good control method that can satisfy the requirements of high speed while ensuring good precision.
● High reliability
During long-term operation, maintaining stability and reliability is a basic requirement of users for industrial equipment. In modern industrial scenes with complex equipment and many uncertain factors, as the brain of the equipment, the motion control system requires real-time processing of some complex situations to ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment.
The technical issues and challenges facing motion control:
Motion control technology is a multi-disciplinary composite technology that encompasses machinery and electronics, hardware and software, algorithms and analysis. The main factors that affect the performance of motion control systems
Include:
· Types of planned motion trajectories (linear, circular, arcuate, spline curves, etc.)
· Order of trajectory relative to time
· Speed, acceleration
· Position and speed accuracy requirements
· Number of linked axes for multi-axis linkage
· Synchronization between motion axes
· Number of servo axes
· Servo control
Opportunities and challenges in motion control technology
With the rise of China's intelligent manufacturing trend and the overall tendency of national policies, the development of China's motion control technology has ushered in new opportunities and fast-track development. Motion control technology is the core component at the bottom and the ultimate execution unit of intelligent manufacturing. Without the precise execution and stability of motion control, intelligent manufacturing would be impossible. Looking at the development of motion control, its constraints mainly include the following aspects:
Technical difficulties in motion control itself: For multi-joint, multi-coupling, heavy-load and complex scenarios, most domestic manufacturers have not made breakthrough in motion control, such as dynamic control of serial robotic arms and other complex mechanisms.
Hardware limitations: As the demand for precision and real-time performance in motion control technology continues to increase, we must adopt higher-performance control chips to improve computational time and ensure real-time communication. Currently, the control period is mostly at the ms level. If it can reach the us level, it can improve trajectory accuracy and motion speed simultaneously. Therefore, motion control technology will also gradually improve with the development of hardware technology.
Manufacturing accuracy of mechanisms and assembly technology of transmission components: The motion controller sends control instructions to the motor to control mechanism movement, but there are several transmission mechanisms and motion conversion components from the motor end to the final execution end, such as the dispensing head. There is also some accuracy loss during this process. Therefore, the accuracy of motion control also needs to consider the manufacturing and assembly of components.
The motion control system is the core of intelligent manufacturing equipment. Under the background of strong promotion of intelligent manufacturing and transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries, the market size of the domestic motion control industry continues to grow. By continuously investing in research and development of motion control technology and technical accumulation, companies can develop themselves and achieve their development goals and visions during the ascending phase of the industry market, ultimately realizing the company's development goals and visions.